3-Point Wheelchair Passenger Securement System

ABSTRACT

The embodiments described and claimed herein are improved wheelchair passenger securement systems and stations. In particular, one embodiment described and claimed herein is a system comprising a barrier module and a wall-side module, which incorporate three separate restraint devices which are configured to secure a wheelchair at three separate attachment points. The system can optionally include a moveable excursion barrier or a pull-mechanism to pre-tension at least one of the restraint devices the wheelchair securements. In a simpler embodiment, three restraint devices, such as retractors, are provided for attachment to the vehicle surfaces or structures in, for example, a generally right-triangular configuration.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S.application Ser. No. 12/573,881, entitled 3-POINT WHEELCHAIR PASSENGERSECUREMENT SYSTEM, filed Oct. 5, 2009, which is a continuation-in-partof co-pending U.S. application Ser. No. 11/847,435, entitled BARRIERWITH INTEGRATED WHEELCHAIR RESTRAINTS, filed Aug. 30, 2007, which is acontinuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/US2006/030085,entitled RESTRAINT SYSTEM, which was and filed on Aug. 2, 2006, andwhich claims priority to Provisional U.S. Application Ser. No.60/705,452, entitled RESTRAINT SYSTEM and filed on Aug. 5, 2005. U.S.application Ser. No. 11/847,435 is also a continuation-in-part of U.S.application Ser. No. 11/252,326, entitled RESTRAINT SYSTEM and filed onOct. 17, 2005, which claims priority to Provisional U.S. ApplicationSer. No. 60/618,572, entitled AUTOMATIC BELT RETRACTOR RELEASE SYSTEMand filed on Oct. 15, 2004.

U.S. application Ser. No. 12/573,881 also claims priority to provisionalpatent application Ser. No. 61/102,853, entitled 3-POINT WHEELCHAIRPASSENGER SECUREMENT SYSTEM, filed Oct. 5, 2008.

U.S. application Ser. No. 12/573,881, U.S. application Ser. No.11/847,435, International Application No. PCT/US2006/030085, U.S.application Ser. No. 11/252,326 and Provisional U.S. Application Ser.Nos. 61/102,853, 60/618,572 and 60/705,452 are hereby incorporated byreference.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT.

Not Applicable.

THE NAMES OF PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT

Not Applicable.

INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC.

Not Applicable.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONS

1. Technical Field

The embodiments described and claimed herein relate generally towheelchair passenger securement methods, systems, and devices forvehicles. More specifically, at least some of the embodiments describedherein relate to a method, system, or device for securing a wheelchairpassenger in a vehicle (train, bus, van, plane, etc.) using 3 points ofattachment for securing the wheelchair.

2. Background Art

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) mandates that all publictransit service providers must accommodate persons with disabilities,including those who must use a wheelchair as their seat in the transportvehicle. ADA also mandates that, for the safety of the wheelchair userand near-by passengers, the wheelchair must be secured so that it willnot move more than 2″ in any direction during normal vehicle operation.In addition, restraints must be attached to the wheelchair—historicallytwo in front and two in the rear—that are sufficiently strong to keep itsecured in the event of a crash event.

Current systems on the market generally use a four-point system wheretwo restraints are used to secure the front of the wheelchair and twoare used to secure the rear of the wheelchair (one on each “corner” ofthe wheelchair). In that respect, the current systems utilize fourattachment points on the vehicle, four attachment points on thewheelchair, and four restraints extending between each respectivevehicle attachment point and wheelchair attachment point. The prior artfour-point systems are considered by many to be relatively cumbersomeand time-consuming to secure, especially if the system is used on apublic transit vehicle where dwell times are critical.

The prior art four-point systems suffer from numerous problems orshort-comings. For example, the four-point systems utilize two restraintdevices for securing the front of the wheelchair, one on the wall-sideof the wheelchair and one on the aisle-side of the wheelchair. The useof the additional aisle-side restraint increases the cost ofinstallation (more components and labor), poses a significant obstacleand tripping hazard for wheelchairs and other passengers, and requiresmore time to secure the chair (increasing vehicle dwell time and thepotential for driver injuries while attempting to secure the device).Some have attempted to solve this problem by mounting the aisle-siderestraint device to a retractable arm, such as the one disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 5,888,038, but such a system adds unnecessary expense and stillposes a potential tripping hazard.

Others have attempted to vary from the traditional four-point systemswith limited success. See, for example, the systems described in U.S.Pat. Nos. 4,060,271; 4,257,644; 4,427,210; 4,492,403; 4,688,843;4,265,478; 5,026,225; and 6,113,325. One of the attempted solutionsutilizes three attachment points on the vehicle. For example, the systemdisclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,113,325 (“the '325 patent”) utilizes threevehicle attachment points or restraint devices (two in the front, one inthe rear). However, this system still suffers from the same problems asthe traditional four-point system since it also requires the use of acoupling, or some other device, such as a “Y” belt (see reference number48 in U.S. Pat. No. 6,113,325). Although the coupling is only secured atone end to the single rear restraint device, the coupling is configuredto secure the rear of the wheelchair at two wheelchair attachmentpoints. In such systems, there are still effectively four attachmentpoints to the wheelchair. Therefore, such systems are still relativelycumbersome and time-consuming to use. Plus, these systems are inherentlyweaker than the traditional four-point systems (four vehicle attachmentpoints/four wheelchair attachment points) since they utilize only onerestraint device to secure the rear of the wheelchair, where morestrength is required to sufficiently restrain the wheelchair duringemergency braking events. Also, if the coupling or “Y” belt is notpermanently attached, there is the potential to lose the component,rendering the system useless. Further, the vehicle operator must stillattach four restraints to the wheelchair as in conventional systems, aswell as connect the additional coupling to the rear restraint device. Infact, it is believed that such a configuration may actually increasedwell time and potential for driver injury as compared to traditionalfour-point systems. Even further, the configuration of these prior artsystems are quite complex, which increases the opportunity to use itimproperly. It should not be forgotten that driver error is one of themost predominant causes of wheelchair tip-overs in the industry.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,257,644 (“the '644 patent”) also discloses a systemutilizing three vehicle attachment points. However, this prior artsystem utilizes manually operable restraints and coffers, or coveredfloor pockets, that are bulky, difficult to use, can pose a significanttripping hazard, and require an extra installation as compared to theembodiments described herein. Like the prior art system of the '325patent, the system disclosed in the '644 patent also only uses a singlevehicle attachment point to secure the rear of the wheelchair and istherefore inherently weak. As discussed above, in typical wheelchairsecurement systems, where the wheelchair passenger is forward facing inthe vehicle, more strength is required to secure the rear of thewheelchair, as opposed to the front, to withstand emergency brakingevents.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONS

The embodiments described and claimed herein solve at least some of theproblems of the prior art wheelchair restraint systems. In simple terms,the embodiments described and claimed herein utilize three vehicleattachment points and three wheelchair attachment points to effectivelysecure a wheelchair. Instead of using a fourth wheelchair attachmentpoint like the prior art, the present system may also use a fourthcontact or touch point between the wheelchair and a side barrier. Theside barrier may be a part of the vehicle itself (such as a side-wall)or could be a separate structure that is rigidly or movably fixed to thevehicle.

In one particular embodiment described and claimed herein, two of thevehicle attachment points and two of the wheelchair attachment pointsare provided at the rear of the wheelchair, where the most strength isneeded for forward facing applications. It has been found that frontrestraints in most instances mainly come into play on rebound andprimarily find use to prevent the front of the wheelchair from swingingout into the aisle. Therefore, only having one vehicle attachment pointand one wheelchair attachment point at the front of the wheelchair issufficient.

The configurations described and claimed herein are simpler to use thanthe prior art systems since they utilize fewer points of attachment tothe vehicle and wheelchair. For the present systems, the opportunity forthe driver to improperly secure the wheelchair and to suffer injury isreduced, since there is one and sometimes two less devices to bend downand attach and/or activate. Further, the potential tripping hazard forother passengers and potential liability for vehicle operators isreduced. Even further, utilization of the presently describedconfigurations reduces the amount of installation time required and themaintenance needed for the vehicle's owner.

In one embodiment, a drop-in system comprising a barrier module and aside-wall module is provided. The system is configured forforward-facing securement of a wheelchair (relative to the direction oftravel of the vehicle), where the back of the wheelchair is adjacent thebarrier module and the side-wall module is adjacent the wall of thevehicle. The barrier module is provided with two tie-down (or securementor restraint) devices for securing the wheelchair from two points, suchas the two rear corners of the wheelchair. The side-wall module isprovided with a single tie-down device, which is spaced a distanceforward from the barrier module, for securing the wheelchair at a singlepoint, such as the front wall-side corner of the wheelchair.

In another embodiment, a similar drop-in system is provided, except thatthe embodiment includes a movable side barrier, which has a retractedposition towards a wall of the vehicle, and an extended position inwhich the side barrier contacts and exerts a force onto the wheelchair(in a direction away from the wall) to induce pretension in thepreviously-attached tie-down devices.

In yet another embodiment, a similar drop-in system is provided, exceptthat the side barrier of the third embodiment is fixed, rather thanmovable.

In yet another embodiment, a similar drop-in system is provided, exceptthat the embodiment includes a pull-mechanism that exerts a force on thesingle tie-down device (for example, in a direction towards the wall),whereby urging the wheelchair towards the wall (or side barrier) andinducing pre-tension into the tie-down device. The pull-mechanism may bea part of the side barrier or could be a separate structure that isrigidly or movably fixed to the vehicle. Even further, the mechanisminducing pre-tension may be activated by foot and/or hand and beelectric, electro-mechanical, or mechanical.

In yet another embodiment, a more simple system is provided whichincludes three tie-down devices arranged in a generally right-triangularconfiguration, two at the rear of the wheelchair and one at the front ofthe wheelchair. The tie-down devices can be mounted to any structure ofthe vehicle, such as the floor or wall.

In yet another embodiment, a single front tie down is provided incombination with a retractable anchor, onto which two rear tie-downdevices are attached. In one instance, the retractable anchor includes ahousing, which is attached to some portion of the vehicle, such as thefloor. The retractable anchor also includes an extendable member, orarm, which is configured to telescope into the housing. The arm isconfigured to retract into the housing to eliminate a potential trippinghazard for non-wheelchair passengers and to eliminate an obstacle forwheelchair passengers. One of the two tie-down devices would beconnected to the housing, and the other to the arm.

Other embodiments, which include some combination of the featuresdiscussed above and below and other features which are known in the art,are contemplated as falling within the claims even if such embodimentsare not specifically identified and discussed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEW OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other features, aspects, objects, and advantages of theembodiments described and claimed herein will become better understoodupon consideration of the following detailed description, appendedclaims, and accompanying drawings where:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a first embodiment of athree-point wheelchair securement system, which includes a barriermodule and a side-wall module;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the barrier module with portions of the frontpanel removed;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a second embodiment of athree-point wheelchair securement system, which includes a barriermodule, a side-wall module, and a pull mechanism, with a properlysecured wheelchair passenger;

FIG. 4 is a second perspective view of the second embodiment of thethree-point wheelchair securement system, with the wheelchair passengershown transparent;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the pull mechanism for the secondembodiment;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a third embodiment of a three-pointwheelchair securement system, which includes a movable lateral barrier;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a fourth embodiment of a three-pointwheelchair securement system, which includes three wall or floor-mountedretractors;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the three-pointwheelchair securement system, which includes a telescoping arm and awall or floor-mounted retractor;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a sixth embodiment of thethree-point wheelchair securement system, which includes a barriermodule, a side-wall module, and a tensioning mechanism;

FIG. 10 is front view of the sixth embodiment of the barrier module withportions of the front panel removed;

FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the tensioning mechanism of the sixthembodiment;

FIG. 12 is an exploded view of the handle actuator for the tensioningmechanism of the sixth embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a first perspective view of the tensioning mechanism withcertain panels removed for purposes of clarity;

FIG. 14 is a second perspective view of the tensioning mechanism withcertain panels removed for purposes of clarity;

FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view of the tensioning mechanism;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an alternative, movable side barrierfor the sixth embodiment that slides from a first, unsecured position(shown) to a second, secured position;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of the sliding side barrier shown in thesecond, secured position;

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of a second alternative, movable sidebarrier for a seventh embodiment that is shown in its first, retractedposition;

FIG. 19 is a second perspective view of the second alternative, movableside barrier for a seventh embodiment that is shown in its first,retracted position;

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of the second alternative, movable sidebarrier for a seventh embodiment that is shown with the bumper slid intoits second, extended position; and,

FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the second alternative, movable sidebarrier for a seventh embodiment that is shown with the bumper slid intoits second, extended position.

It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scaleand that the embodiments are sometimes illustrated by graphic symbols,phantom lines, diagrammatic representations and fragmentary views. Incertain instances, details which are not necessary for an understandingof the embodiments described and claimed herein or which render otherdetails difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should beunderstood, of course, that the inventions described herein are notnecessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated. Indeed,it is expected that persons of ordinary skill in the art may devise anumber of alternative configurations that are similar and equivalent tothe embodiments shown and described herein without departing from thespirit and scope of the claims.

Like reference numerals will be used to refer to like or similar partsfrom Figure to Figure in the following detailed description of thedrawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONS

Referring first to FIGS. 1 and 2, a first embodiment of a three-pointwheelchair securement system (or station) 10 is shown for securing awheelchair and its occupant in a vehicle, such as a bus, van, train,aircraft, boat, or the like. The first embodiment of the wheelchairsecurement system 10 includes a barrier module 20 and a side-wall module30. With certain exceptions discussed herein, the barrier and side wallmodules 20, 30 of the first embodiment are substantially similar tothose described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/847,435, which is incorporated herein in its entirety.

In the first embodiment, the wheelchair securement system 10 is bestcharacterized as a drop-in system for a vehicle which is fully-equippedto secure a wheelchair and its passenger in a forward facing orientation(i.e., with respect to the direction of travel of the vehicle). In thisorientation, the barrier module 20 is forward-facing (i.e., positionedrearward of the side-wall module 30 in the vehicle) and secures thewheelchair at two attachment points at the rear of the wheelchair.Although shown in a configuration suitable for installation adjacent aright side wall of a vehicle, the system 10 could be configured as amirror image of the shown configuration for installation adjacent a leftside wall of the vehicle. The side-wall module 30 is positioned adjacentto a wall of the vehicle and secures the wheelchair at a singleattachment point at the front of the wheelchair. The barrier module 20and side-wall module 30, through the use of three points of attachmentto the wheelchair, work in conjunction to adequately secure thewheelchair in compliance with the ADA and to prevent significantmovement, twisting, or tipping of the wheelchair.

To facilitate simple installation, the shown system 10 is intended to besubstantially assembled for a vehicle manufacturer (or retrofitter) andneeds only to be mounted or bolted into place without any furthersignificant installation. To achieve this end in a cost-effectivemanner, the barrier module 20 and side-wall module 30 are provided orshipped as separate units, which are connected together by theinstaller. However, it is contemplated that alternative embodimentscould comprise pre-integrated barrier and side-wall modules or barrierand side-wall modules which are not configured for interconnection.

The first embodiment of the wheelchair securement system 10 includes aside-wall arrangement with seats to make most efficient use of vehiclespace. In that respect, the area designated for the wheelchair passengersystem 10 can be used for other passengers, sitting and/or standing,when it is not needed for a wheelchair passenger. The side-wall module30 of the first embodiment incorporates a fold-up seat 32, so that theseat 32 can be positioned out of the way when a wheelchair passengerboards the vehicle. It is, however, contemplated that other seatingarrangements could be used, such as forward facing seating. For example,the barrier module 20 could be provided with a similar stowable seat,which can be moved out of the way when the wheelchair securement system10 is needed.

The wheelchair securement system 10 includes three securement (ortie-down) assemblies 40 a, 40 b, 40 c which work in conjunction toadequately secure a wheelchair in compliance with the ADA. In the firstembodiment, each of the three securement assemblies 40 a, 40 b, 40 ccomprises a retractor 42 a, 42 b, 42 c. Each refractor 42 a, 42 b, 42 cincludes several feet of webbing (or strap) 44 a, 44 b, 44 c, at aterminal end of which is provided a wheelchair engaging member 46 a, 46b, 46 c which could be any type of fastener. The shown wheelchairengaging member or fastener is an anchor (or S-hook or J-hook) which canbe easily attached to and easily removed from any portion of awheelchair, such as a structural member. Refractors suitable for use inthis application include Q'Straint's QRT Series refractors (seewww.qstraint.com). As an alternative to the refractors shown herein,manually-adjustable straps can be used, such as Q'Straint's Q-5000 andM-series belt systems.

The retractors 42 a, 42 b, as shown, are mounted internal to the barriermodule 20. The only portion of the securement assemblies 40 a, 40 b thatprotrude from the barrier modules 20 are the restraint straps 44 a, 44b, and the wheelchair engagement members 46 a, 46 b. The refractor 42 c,as shown, is mounted to the leg of the side-wall module 30, underneaththe fold-up seat 32. This configuration substantially reduces thepotential tripping hazard for passengers, as compared to prior artsystems which include exposed refractors.

While the depictions of the first embodiment show the retractors 42 a,42 b mounted internal to the barrier module 20, it is contemplated thatother embodiments could include retractors mounted external to thebarrier module 20. Moreover, while the refractor 42 c is shown mountedto the leg of side-wall module 30, it is contemplated that the refractor42 c could be mounted to any other portion of the module 30 or to anyother component of the vehicle, such as the wall or floor. Indeed, asshown in the figures and described in more detail below, the more simpleembodiments of the claimed securement systems may not include a barrieror side-wall module 20, 30 at all. Such simple embodiments could consistof three securement assemblies which are mounted in a generallytriangular pattern in the vehicle. The securement assemblies can befastened to any surface or structure of the vehicle, including the floorand walls.

While the retractors 42 a, 42 b, 42 c could theoretically be mounteddirectly to a floor surface of the vehicle, with the claims coveringsuch a configuration, it has been found that better performance can beobtained by spacing the retractors 42 a, 42 b, 42 c a distance from thefloor, a configuration espoused by the first embodiment of thewheelchair securement system 10. However, the retractors 42 a, 42 b, 42c should be spaced a slight distance below the wheelchair structure towhich the wheelchair engaging members 46 a, 46 b, 46 c will be attached.In other words, it is preferable that the restraint strap 44 a, 44 b, 44c be slightly angled upwards towards the wheelchair so that thesecurement assembly 40 a, 40 b, 40 c can exert a downward force on thewheelchair.

The barrier module 20 of the first embodiment also includes a remotecontrol device with a release latch (or paddle handle) 22 for releasingone or more of the securement assemblies 40 a, 40 b, 40 c. For example,the embodiments could include any of the systems described in U.S.provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 60/705,452, U.S. provisionalpatent application No. 60/618,572, U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/252,326, and/or PCT patent application no. PCT/US06/30085, which areall incorporated in their entirety herein by reference.

The first embodiment of the wheelchair securement system 10 alsoincludes a side barrier (or pad or bumper) 34. The side barrier 34 canbe constructed of any material and can be rigid, soft and/or resilient.For example, the side barrier 34 could comprise high densitypolyurethane foam similar to car head rests, and could be covered withfabric. Alternatively, a metal, plastic, or rubberized structure couldbe used.

The side barrier 34 can serve one or more of many different functions.For example, as shown, the barrier serves at least two purposes. First,the barrier 34 provides spacing between the wheelchair and the vehiclewall (and/or the side-wall module 30). The spacing between thewheelchair and the wall/side-wall module 30 that is provided by the sidebarrier 34 serves to prevent injury to the wheelchair passenger in anaccident, should an appendage find its way therebetween. Second, thebarrier 34 resists lateral and/or rotative movement of the wheelchairtowards the vehicle wall. Ideally, although not necessarily, thewheelchair will be in close proximity or will actually touch the sidebarrier 34 when properly secured.

In the shown embodiment, it is contemplated that the side barrier 34would have resilient properties, wherein it would have some give, butstill provide firm support for the wheelchair. In an alternativeembodiment, the side barrier 34 could be biased outward using, forexample, a spring that pushes the side barrier 34 outward. When thefront restraint 40 c was hooked up and would pull the chair in, thesprings would provide an opposing force to stabilize the chair. Asdiscussed below at least in the context of the second embodiment, theside barrier 34 could also be mechanized or inflatable, wherein it ismovable to positively contact the wheelchair and induce pre-tension intothe securement assemblies 40 a, 40 b, 40 c.

With reference now to FIGS. 3-4, a second embodiment of a wheelchairsecurement system 110 is shown. Like the first embodiment, the secondembodiment includes a barrier module 120 and a side-wall module 130 thatare substantially similar to those described in co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/847,435. In addition, the second embodiment ofthe wheelchair securement system 110 is intended to be a drop-in systemand, through the use of three points of attachment to the wheelchair,work in conjunction to adequately secure the wheelchair in compliancewith the ADA and to prevent significant movement, twisting, or tippingof the wheelchair.

More specifically, the wheelchair securement system 110 includes threesecurement (or tie-down) assemblies 140 a, 140 b, 140 c which work inconjunction to adequately secure a wheelchair in compliance with theADA. Each of the three securement assemblies 140 a, 140 b, 140 ccomprises a retractor 142 c, although two of the refractors are mountedinternal to the barrier modules in a similar manner as in the firstembodiment, and are therefore not shown. Each refractor 142 c includesseveral feet of webbing (or strap) 144 a, 144 b, 144 c, at a terminalend of which is provided a wheelchair engaging member 146 a, 146 b, 146c which could be any type of fastener.

The second embodiment of the wheelchair securement system 110 alsoincludes at least one side barrier or pad 134. The side barrier 134 canbe constructed of any material, although as shown the side barriercomprises a rubber material. The second embodiment includes a frontrestraint mechanism 160, disposed within housing 162, that is adapted topull the wheelchair into contact with the side barrier through use ofthe strap guide 164. The refractor 142 c, as shown, is mounted to thehousing 162 for the front restraint mechanism 160, positioned slightlyforward of the strap guide 164. In this configuration, the strap 144 cextends from the refractor 142 c, through the strap guide 164, and tothe wheelchair, where the wheelchair engaging member 146 c is attachedto the wheelchair. Manipulation of a handle 166 for the mechanism 160causes the strap guide 164 to retract into the housing 162, therebydrawing up any slack in the strap 164 c and pulling the wheelchair flushup against the side barrier 134. In this configuration, the wheelchairis most secure since tension is introduced into the restraints 140 a,140 b, 140 c and the contact between the barrier 134 and the wheelchairwill limit lateral movement towards the wall, both during normal andemergency driving events.

As with the first embodiment, the second embodiment of the barriermodule 120 includes a remote control device with a release latch (orpaddle handle) 122 for releasing one or more of the securementassemblies 140 a, 140 b, 140 c, such as any one of the systems describedin U.S. provisional patent application Ser. Nos. 60/705,452, U.S.provisional patent application No. 60/618,572, U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 11/252,326, and/or PCT patent application No. PCT/US06/30085.

Referring now primarily to FIG. 4, the second embodiment of thewheelchair securement station 110 is shown with a wheelchair properlysecured therein, although the wheelchair has been made transparent forpurposes of clarity. As previously described, the wheelchair is forwardfacing in the vehicle. With this orientation in mind, one can envisionthe wheelchair as having four quadrants 152 a, 152 b, 152 c, 152 d,which are defined by the longitudinal axis 154 and lateral axis 156 ofthe wheelchair. The securement assemblies 140 a, 140 b, 140 c attach tothe wheelchair at three points, one point within three of the fourquadrants 152 a, 152 b, 152 c, 152 d of the wheelchair.

The first two attachment points are at the rear of the wheelchair, i.e.,the engaging member 146 a of the securement assembly 140 a engages withthe wheelchair in the rear right-side quadrant 152 a (which in thisparticular case is also the rear wall-side quadrant 152 a) and theengaging member 146 b of the securement assembly 140 b engages with thewheelchair in the rear left-side quadrant 152 b (which in thisparticular case is also the rear aisle-side quadrant 152 b). The thirdattachment point is at the front of the wheelchair. As shown, theengaging member 146 c of the securement assembly 140 c engages with thewheelchair in the front right-side quadrant 152 c (which in thisparticular case is also the front wall-side quadrant 152 c), although itis contemplated that the front left-side quadrant 152 d (which in thisparticular case is also the front aisle-side quadrant 152 d), or thedividing line therebetween, could be engaged in the alternative.However, it is believed that greater tip resistance can be achieved bylocating the third attachment point as near as possible to thefront-right corner of the wheelchair when the wall is adjacent to theright side of the wheelchair. Likewise, when the wall (and theassociated side barrier 134) is adjacent to the left side of thewheelchair, it is believed that greater tip resistance can be achievedby locating the third attachment point as near as possible to thefront-left corner of the wheelchair.

With reference now to FIG. 5, a first embodiment of the front restraintmechanism 160 is shown with several components omitted for purposes ofclarity, including the housing 162 and strap guide 164, which areclearly shown in FIGS. 3-4. The mechanism 160 is a pivot mechanismconsisting essentially of a link 170 that pivots about pin 168. At afirst, or upper end 172 of the link 170, a handle 166 for operating themechanism 160 is attached. At a second, or lower end 174 of the link,the strap guide 164 is attached (although not shown). A person ofordinary skill in the art would understand that pulling handle 166 inthe direction A causes the second end 174 of the link 170, and thus thestrap guide 164, to rotate clockwise about the pin 168. When the handle166 is pulled in direction A, the strap guide 164 extends into thehousing 162 for the mechanism 160 which, as discussed earlier, inducespre-tension into the securement assembly 140 c. Rigidly fixed to theunderside of the link 170 is a ratchet 176 that is configured to engagewith a pawl 178. The ratchet 176 and pawl 178 are configured to allowclockwise movements of the link 170 and to prevent counter-clockwisemovements of the link 170. The mechanism 160 further includes a cable180, attached at one end 182 to the lower end 167 of the handle 166, andat its opposite end 184 to the pawl 178. A person of ordinary skill inthe art would understand that pulling on the handle 166 in direction Bwould cause the pawl 178 to release from the ratchet 176, therebyallowing the link 170 to be rotated counter-clockwise to release thepre-tension from the securement assembly 140 c.

Turning now to FIG. 6, a third embodiment of a wheelchair securementstation 210 is depicted. The third embodiment 210 is quite similar tothe first and second embodiments, in that it includes a barrier module220, a side-wall module 230 with a fold-up seat 232, and threesecurement (or tie down) assemblies 240 a, 240 b, 240 c, two assemblies240 a, 240 b (hidden from view) for tying down the rear of thewheelchair and one 240 c for tying down the front of the wheelchair.However, unlike the first embodiment, the securement assemblies 240 a,240 b are not mounted internal to the barrier module 220, but areinstead mounted external to the barrier module 220 on its leg supports.

Also, the securement station 210 includes a side barrier 234 which isdisposed on the wall side of the vehicle below the flip-seat 232 andwhich is movable between a refracted and extended position. In FIG. 6,the side barrier 234 is shown in the extended position where itpositively contacts the wheelchair and induces tension into thesecurement assemblies 240 a, 240 b, 240 c. In a retracted position, thebarrier would be positioned generally parallel with the wall of thevehicle. Any means known in the mechanical arts could be used to providemotive force for the side barrier 234, including springs and varioustypes of actuators, including pneumatic cylinders and linear actuators.As an alternative, the movable barrier 234 could comprise an inflatablebellows.

Turning now to FIG. 7, a fourth embodiment of a wheelchair securementstation 310 is depicted. The station 310 presents a much more simpleconfiguration than presented by the previously described embodiments andincludes three securement assemblies 340 a 1 or 340 a 2, 340 b, 340 c 1or 340 c 2 aligned in roughly a right-triangle configuration. Like theearlier embodiments, the securement assemblies 340 a 1 or 340 a 2, 340b, 340 c 1 or 340 c 2 can be refractors. While the earlier embodimentsshow the retractors attached to various barrier and side-wall modules,the refractors 340 a 1 or 340 a 2, 340 b, 340 c 1 or 340 c 2 of thefourth embodiment can be mounted to any structure in the vehicle; forexample, the refractors could be floor or wall mounted. In suchconfiguration, the retractors 340 a 1 or 340 a 2, 340 b, 340 c 1 or 340c 2 can be directly attached to the wall or floor, or could be attachedto the wall or floor using track structures or pocket anchorages. Forexample, in one installation, Q' Straint's “L” track structure or SlideN' Click pocket anchorages could be used. A bracket of some type couldbe used to ensure the angle and position of the refractor is optimal.

Although possible, it is not intended that the fourth embodiment 310will be used in isolation. Indeed, it is contemplated that therefractors 340 a 1 or 340 a 2, 340 b, 340 c 1 or 340 c 2 could be placedbelow various seating and/or barrier modules. For example, the simpleconfiguration of the fourth embodiment has practical application forretrofitting vehicles having existing seating structures.

With reference now to FIG. 8, a fifth embodiment of the wheelchairsecurement station 410 is shown. The station 410 is similar to the thirdembodiment, in that it includes three securement assemblies, which asshown are refractors 440 a, 440 b, 440 c 1 or 440 c 2. The forward-mostsecurement assembly 440 c 1 or 440 c 2 could be attached to anystructure in the vehicle, including the floor or wall. Also like thethird embodiment, the fifth embodiment 410 has practical application forretrofitting vehicles having existing seating structures.

The fifth embodiment 410 differs from the previous embodiments in thatit includes a retractable anchor 420 for securing the rear-side of thewheelchair, such as the one described in U.S. patent application Ser.No. 11/776,223, which is incorporated in its entirety herein byreference. In the alternative, other retractable anchors could be used,such as the ones shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,888,038;6,113,325; 6,149,359; 6,428,254; 6,575,677; and 6,966,733. As shown, theretractable anchor 420 has two main structural components: the housing422 and the arm 424. The arm 424 is generally adapted to retract insideof the housing 422 when the anchor 420 is not being used to restrain awheelchair, in order to increase the available floor space fornon-wheelchair passengers. Onto each of the housing 422 and arm 424 ismounted a securement assembly 440 a, 440 b. When the retractable anchor420 is fully extended, as shown, the securement assembly 340 b isproperly positioned for attachment to a wheelchair.

Turning now to FIGS. 9-15, a sixth embodiment of the wheelchairsecurement station 610 is shown. Like the second embodiment, the sixthembodiment includes a barrier module 620 and a side-wall module 630 thatare substantially similar to those described in co-pending U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 11/847,435, and is intended to be a drop-in system.Also like the second embodiment, the sixth embodiment of the wheelchairsecurement system 610 uses three points of attachment to the wheelchair,which work in conjunction with a side barrier 634 and/or a frontrestraint mechanism, or tensioner assembly, 160 to adequately secure thewheelchair in compliance with the ADA and to prevent significantmovement, twisting, or tipping of the wheelchair.

More specifically, the wheelchair securement system 610 includes threesecurement (or tie-down) assemblies 640 a, 640 b, 640 c which work inconjunction to adequately secure a wheelchair in compliance with theADA. As best shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, each of the three securementassemblies 640 a, 640 b, 640 c comprises a retractor 642 a, 642 b, 642c. Retractors 642 a, 642 b are mounted internal to the barrier module620, and retractor 642 c is mounted to the side-wall barrier 630 insideof a housing assembly 641. Each retractor 642 a, 642 b, 642 c includesseveral feet of webbing (or strap) 644 a, 644 b, 644 c, at a terminalend of which is provided a wheelchair engaging member 646 a, 646 b, 646c which could be any type of fastener. At least the front retractor 642c includes a locking mechanism and a lever, or actuator, 643 c. Thelocking mechanism prevents the webbing 644 c from being pulled out ofthe retractor 642, and depressing the lever 643 c overrides the lockingmechanism and allows the webbing 644 c to be extended.

Like the second embodiment, the sixth embodiment of the wheelchairsecurement system 610 also includes at least one side barrier or pad634. The side barrier 634 can be constructed of any material, althoughas shown the side barrier comprises a rubber (or neoprene) material. Asshown, the side barrier 634 includes a recessed area 635 adjacent thebarrier module 620, and a projected area 636 near the front securementassembly 640 c, to accommodate or conform to the shape of a wheelchairwhich is wider at the rear and more narrow at the front. However, it isanticipated the side barrier 634 could be flat without the recessedarea. The contact/side barrier 634 is preferably positioned adjacent ornear a floor of the vehicle, underneath a side seating arrangement, butcan be adjusted up or down to accommodate different seating options.

With particular reference now to FIGS. 11-15, the sixth embodimentincludes a second embodiment of a front restraint mechanism 660,disposed within housings 662 and 641, that is adapted to pull thewheelchair towards or into contact with the side barrier 634 through useof the strap guide 664. The retractor 642 c, as shown, is mounted to theframe structure 631 for the side-wall module 630, positioned slightlyforward of the strap guide 664 and a loop member 663, which is affixedto the frame structure 631. In this configuration, the strap 644 cextends from the refractor 642 c, through the loop member 663, thenthrough the strap guide 664, and finally to the wheelchair, where thewheelchair engaging member 646 c is attached to the wheelchair. Thestrap guide 664 is interconnected with a handle actuator 666 by means ofshaft 668. Shaft 668 is rigidly fixed to both the strap guide 664 andthe handle actuator 666, and extends through an aperture 633 through theframe structure 631. With this configuration, it is readily obvious thatrotation of the handle actuator 666 about the axis of the shaft 668causes the strap guide 664 to rotate in a similar direction. Morespecifically, pulling the handle actuator 666 away from the vehicle wall(i.e., clockwise about axis of shaft 668, in direction C) causes thestrap guide 664 to rotate in a direction generally towards the vehiclewall, thereby drawing up any slack in the strap 664 c and pulling thewheelchair adjacent to or flush up against the side barrier 634. In thisconfiguration, the wheelchair is most secure since tension is introducedinto the restraints 640 a, 640 b, 640 c and the close positionalrelationship or contact between the barrier 634 and the wheelchair willlimit lateral movement towards the wall, both during normal andemergency driving events.

The mechanism 660 includes components which are configured to engagewith the lever 643 c on the front refractor 642 c. Specifically, whenthe securement system 610 is not being used (i.e., when the handleactuator 666 is positioned generally vertical in engagement with springlock 667), the mechanism 660 is configured to depress lever 643 c,thereby allowing the strap 644 c to be withdrawn from the refractor 642c. Lever 643 c is depressed using link 670 which is pivotably attachedto the frame assembly. Spring 671 is interconnected between the framestructure 631 and the first, or lower portion, 672 of the link 670 tobias the lower portion 672 of the link 670 away from the lever 643 c.Therefore, in its default state, lever 643 is not depressed. However,the mechanism includes cam member 669 which is rigidly fixed to shaft668. When the handle actuator 666 is positioned generally vertical(i.e., the unlocked/unrestrained position), the cam member 669 engageswith the underside of the second, or upper portion, 674 of the link toforce the lower portion 672 of the link towards and into engagement withlever 643 c. See, in particular, the cross section in FIG. 15, whichshows cam member 669 forcing link 670 into engagement with lever 643 c.In that respect, when the station is not being use, and the handleactuator 666 is in the unlocked/unrestrained position, the strap 644 ccan be readily withdrawn from the refractor 642 c so that the fastener646 c can be engaged with a wheelchair. One of ordinary skill in the artwould recognize that when handle actuator 666 is pulled in direction C(to the locked/restrained position), cam member 669 rotates in the samedirection, thereby allowing spring 671 to pull the first portion 672 oflink 670 away from engagement with lever 643 c. When this occurs, thelocking mechanism of the refractor 642 c is engaged, which preventsfurther strap 644 c from being withdrawn.

With reference now, in particular, to FIGS. 11, 12, and 14, themechanism 660 includes a ratchet 676 and pawl 678, which work inconjunction to allow the handle to be pulled clockwise, in direction C,but prevent the handle from moving counterclockwise. More specifically,the ratchet 676 is rigidly affixed to the frame structure 631, andincludes a stop 677 to prevent over-rotation of the handle actuator 666(or can be adjusted to limit the travel of the handle 666), while thepawl 678 is pivotably affixed to a lower end of the handle actuator 666.A spring 679 is provided, which is interconnected between the pawl 678and the handle actuator 666 and biases a first end 680 of the pawl 678into engagement with the ratchet 676.

The handle actuator 666 includes a ratchet release mechanism, 690,comprising a handle 692 which is connected to a cam follower 696, via atorsion member 694. The torsion member extends from the handle 692 tothe cam follower 696 through the tubular body 684 of the handle actuator666. The handle is configured to rotate in at least one direction Dabout the axis of the tubular body 684 to facilitate engagement of pawl678 with ratchet 676. More specifically, torsion member 694 transmitsthe torque exerted upon the handle 692 to cam follower 696 wherebyrotation of handle 692 causes cam follower 696 to rotate about the axisof the tubular body 684. Cam follower 696 engages with cam surface 683which is present on a second end 682 of the pawl 678. When handle 682 isrotated counterclockwise, cam follower 696 rides along cam surface 683and forces the second end 682 of the pawl 678 downward, whereby thefirst end 680 of the pawl 678 moves upward and out of engagement withthe ratchet 676.

As with some of the previous embodiments, the sixth embodiment of thebarrier module 620 includes a remote control device (or timed releasemechanism) with a release latch (or paddle handle or release handle) 622for releasing one or more of the securement assemblies 640 a, 640 b, 640c, such as any one of the systems described in U.S. provisional patentapplication Ser. Nos. 60/705,452, U.S. provisional patent applicationNo. 60/618,572, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/252,326, and/or PCTpatent application No. PCT/US06/30085. In the shown embodiment, paddlehandle 622 releases the locking mechanisms of retractors 642 a, 642 bfor a predetermined amount of time, which is sufficient for the vehicleoperator to engage/release the fasteners 646 a, 646 b with/from thewheelchair.

Proper restraint of a wheelchair in the sixth embodiment of the system610 can be achieved using the following steps. First, the side seatshould be placed and locked in the folded, upward position. Second, thewheelchair is moved into position with the back of the passenger placedadjacent the barrier module 620, and the wheelchair positioned in thecenter of the area, as close as possible to the side barrier 634(ideally in contact with the side barrier 634). Third, the paddle handle622 is pulled, which releases the locking mechanisms of retractors 642a, 642 b for a predetermined period of time. Fourth, webbing 644 a, 644b is withdrawn and fasteners 646 a, 646 b are attached to structuralmembers of the wheelchair. Preferably, and as described in more detailabove for the second embodiment, fastener 646 a engages with thewheelchair in the rear right-side quadrant 652 a, and the fastener 646 bengages with the wheelchair in the rear left-side quadrant 652 b. Fifth,the vehicle operator should verify that the handle actuator 666 is inits unlocked/unrestrained position, so that the locking mechanism ofretractor 642 c is disengaged and webbing 644 c can be withdrawn. Asshown, the handle actuator 666 is in its unlocked/unrestrained positionwhen it is generally vertical and held in place by spring lock 667. Thenwebbing 644 c is withdrawn and fastener 646 c engages with thewheelchair in the front right-side quadrant 152 c (i.e., the quadrantadjacent the wall of the vehicle). Sixth, preferably after thepredetermined period of time has elapsed, the handle actuator 666 ispulled in direction C. This action simultaneously causes the lockingmechanism of refractor 642 c to engage (and thereby prevent furtherwithdrawal of webbing 646 c) and the strap guide 664 to pull webbing 644c towards the wall of the vehicle (and thereby remove slack from atleast webbing 644c). Engagement of the ratchet 676 and pawl 678 holdsthe handle actuator 666 in the locked/restrained position. Finally, onceeverything is secured and in position, the wheelchair wheel locks arethen engaged or power supply is turned off. In its final, restrainedposition, the wheelchair is positioned very close to or ideally incontact with the side barrier 634.

When the wheelchair passenger decides to disembark the vehicle, theabove steps are essentially performed, but in reverse order. First, thehandle 692 of the handle actuator 666 is rotated to disengage the pawl678 from the ratchet 676. This allows the handle actuator 666 to bemoved back to its original unlocked/unrestrained position. Once thisstep is performed, the locking mechanism of refractor 642 c is onceagain released, which allows the fastener 646 c to be removed from thewheelchair and the webbing 644 c to be drawn back into the refractor 642c. Second, the paddle handle 622 is once again pulled, which allowsfasteners 646 a, 646 b to be removed from engagement with the wheelchairand webbing 644 a, 644 b to be drawn back into the refractors 642 a, 642b. Finally, the vehicle operator removes the wheelchair wheel locks orturns power supply on for electric wheelchairs and the wheelchairpassenger is now free to disembark the vehicle.

Turning now to FIGS. 16-17, a seventh embodiment of the wheelchairsecurement station 710 is shown. Like the sixth embodiment, the seventhembodiment includes a barrier module 720 and a side-wall module 730, anduses three points of attachment to the wheelchair, which work inconjunction with a side barrier 734 and/or a front restraint mechanism,or tensioner assembly, to adequately secure the wheelchair in compliancewith the ADA and to prevent significant movement, twisting, or tippingof the wheelchair. Like the side barrier 634 of the sixth embodiment,the side barrier 734 includes a recessed area 735 adjacent the barriermodule 720, and a projected area 736 near the front securement assembly(not shown).

However, the seventh embodiment differs from the sixth embodiment inseveral ways. For example, the barrier module 720 includes a two-placeflip-seat 722. In addition, because the barrier module 720 includes aflip-seat 722, the side-wall module 730 must be spaced a distance “A”from the barrier module 720 to accommodate the flip-seat 722 and theseated passenger's legs. In this embodiment, the side-wall module 730 isshown having a two-place flip-seat 732, but can include a three-placeflip-seat (not shown). In either case, the barrier module 720 is spaceda distance “A” from the side-wall module 730.

As can be seen with reference to the sixth embodiment in FIG. 9,placement of the side barrier 634 toward a rear of the securement area(near the barrier module 620), where the barrier 634 is adjacent a rearwheel of a secured wheelchair, is most desirable to prevent wheelchairtipping during an accident scenario. The same configuration is desiredfor the side barrier 734 of the seventh embodiment. However, placementof a stationary side barrier in this position in the seventh embodimentwould be problematic when the wheelchair securement system is not beingused. More specifically, the side barrier would intrude into the legroomfor a passenger sitting in the two-place flip-seat 722 of the barriermodule 720. To solve this problem, the side barrier 734 of the seventhembodiment is movable. In that regard, the side barrier 734 is dubbed a“sliding side barrier” as it is designed to slide from a first,refracted (or stored) position as shown in FIG. 16 (under the side-wallflip seat) to a second, extended (or wheelchair-securable) position asshown in FIG. 17 (where it extends into the space “A”). Like the sidebarrier 634, the side barrier 734 can be constructed of any material,although as shown the side barrier comprises a rubber (or neoprene)material. However, it is contemplated that the side barrier 734 can beconstructed of a rigid material, such as metal.

In the shown embodiment, the side barrier 734 includes rails that slidethrough brackets fastened to the underside of the side-wall module 730,although the bracket may be fastened to any portion of the side-wallmodule 730, or even to other structures of the vehicle. The side barrier734 is biased in the first, refracted (or stored) position usingsprings, actuators, struts or other mechanisms designed to resist orexert longitudinal compression and can be moved to the second, extendedposition by hand or foot and locked in place using a latch.

An eighth embodiment includes the side barrier assembly 834 depicted inFIGS. 16-19. In particular FIGS. 16 and 17 show the side barrierassembly 834 with bumper 865 in a refracted position and FIGS. 18 and 19show the bumper 865 in an extended position. Like the side barrier 734of the seventh embodiment, the bumper 865 includes a recessed area 835adjacent the barrier module (not shown), and a projected area 836 nearthe front securement assembly (not shown). The side barrier assembly 834includes a bracket 837 with two flanges 838 and 840 for securing theside barrier assembly 834 to the underside of the side-wall module,although the flanges 838 and 840 can be fewer or greater in number andcan be configured for securement to other structures of the side-wallmodule or to other structures in the vehicle, including the floor andwall of the vehicle. In the shown embodiment, the bracket 837 is formedfrom a single piece of sheet metal, whereby the flanges 838 and 840 areconnected by plate member 839. Notwithstanding the foregoing, it iscontemplated that the flanges 838 and 840 can be separate structuresformed from separate pieces of sheet metal, and need not beinterconnected as shown.

The bumper 865 includes two rails 842 and 844 that facilitate slidingmovement. The rails 842 and 844 extend from one end 846 of the bumper865 to the other end 848, and are secured to both ends 846 and 848. Therails 842 and 844 extend through aperatures 850 in the flanges 838 and840 and through bearings 852, 854, 856, and 858, each of which areaffixed to the plate member 839. In the shown embodiment, the bearings852, 854, 856, and 858 are recirculating bearings, although other typesof bearings or roller mechanisms may be used to reduce friction andprovide smooth sliding operation of the bumper 865. The side-barrier 834also includes a biasing member 860, which in this case is a gas strut,that is affixed at one end to flange 838 and at the other end to end 846of the bumper 865. The biasing member 860 is configured to bias thebumper 865 in the retracted position as shown in FIGS. 18-19. It isintended that the bumper 865 can be moved from the refracted position(FIGS. 18-19) to the extended position (FIGS. 20-21) through modestpressure exerted by hand or foot. Flange 838 is provided with a lockingmechanism 870 to hold the bumper 865 in the extended position. As shown,locking mechanism 870 is a lever that is affixed to the flange 838 atpivot point 872. At one end, the locking mechanism 870 includes anotched finger 874 with an angled leading edge that catches the edge ofend 846 of the bumper as it is pushed into the extended position. Theengagement of finger 874 with the end 846 is best shown in FIG. 20. Thelocking mechanism 870 includes a biasing member, such as a spring(hidden from view), that holds the notched portion of finger 874 inengagement with the end 846. The end of the locking mechansim 870opposite the finger 874 includes a release handle 876. Pulling therelease handle 876 releases the notch of the finger 874 from engagementwith the bumper 865, upon which the force of the biasing member 860causes the bumper 865 to return to its refracted position (FIGS. 18-19).

Although the inventions described and claimed herein have been describedin considerable detail with reference to certain embodiments, oneskilled in the art will appreciate that the inventions described andclaimed herein can be practiced by other than those embodiments, whichhave been presented for purposes of illustration and not of limitation.Therefore, the spirit and scope of the appended claims should not belimited to the description of the embodiments contained herein.

We claim:
 1. A securement system for securing a wheelchair in a vehicle,the securement system comprising: a group of restraints for securing thewheelchair, the group of restraints for securing the wheelchairconsisting of a first, second, and third restraint; and, the first andsecond restraints being generally positioned in a rear area of thesecurement system and the third restraint being generally positioned ina front area of the securement system.
 2. The securement system of claim1, wherein the first and second restraints are attached to the vehiclein the rear area of the securement system and the third restraint isattached to the vehicle in the front area of the securement system. 3.The securement system of claim 1, wherein the group of restraints forsecuring the wheelchair are positioned in a triangular configuration,whereby the first and second restraints are positioned to a rear of thewheelchair and the third restraint is positioned to a front of thewheelchair.
 4. The securement system of claim 1, further comprising abumper positioned between the third restraint and the first and secondrestraint.
 5. The securement system of claim 4, wherein the bumper ispositioned adjacent a side wall of the vehicle.
 6. The securement systemof claim 4, wherein the bumper is movable between a first position and asecond position, whereby, in its first position, the bumper is spaced afirst distance from the wheelchair and, in its second position, thebumper is spaced a second distance from the wheelchair, the firstdistance being greater than the second distance.
 7. The securementsystem of claim 6, wherein the second distance is zero.
 8. Thesecurement system of claim 4, further comprising a barrier module and aside module, wherein: the barrier module includes a flip-seat; thebarrier module is spaced a distance from the side module to accommodatethe flip-seat in a down position; and, the bumper slides between a firstposition generally underneath the side module and a second positionwherein the bumper is positioned at least partially in the space betweenthe barrier module and the side module.
 9. The securement system ofclaim 1, wherein the first restraint comprises a first retractor, thesecond restraint comprises a second retractor, and the third restraintcomprises a third retractor.
 10. The securement system of claim 9,further comprising a tensioning mechanism for at least one of the first,second, or third retractor, the tensioning mechanism being external tothe first, second, and third retractors.
 11. The securement system ofclaim 9, further comprising a restraint control assembly, the restraintcontrol assembly being associated with at least one of the first,second, or third retractor to manipulate the at least one of the first,second, or third retractors between a locked position and a releasedposition, whereby activation of the restraint control assembly placesthe at least one of the first, second, or third retractors in thereleased position for a period of time.
 12. The securement system ofclaim 1, further comprising a rear module and a side module, wherein therear module holds the first and second restraints and the side moduleholds the third restraint.
 13. The securement system of claim 12,wherein the rear module includes an integrated lap restraint and anintegrated shoulder restraint.
 14. The wheelchair securement system ofclaim 12, wherein at least one of the rear module and the side moduleincludes a flip-seat.
 15. The securement system of claim 12, wherein thefirst restraint comprises a first retractor, the second restraintcomprises a second retractor, and the third restraint comprises a thirdretractor.
 16. The securement system of claim 15, further comprising atensioning mechanism for at least one of the first, second, or thirdretractor, the tensioning mechanism being external to the first, second,and third retractors.
 17. The securement system of claim 16, wherein theside module holds the tensioning mechanism.
 18. The securement system ofclaim 15, further comprising a timed release mechanism, the timedrelease mechanism being associated with at least one of the first,second, or third retractor to manipulate the at least one of the first,second, or third retractors between a locked position and a releasedposition, whereby activation of the timed release mechanism places theat least one of the first, second, or third retractors in the releasedposition for a period of time.
 19. The securement system of claim 15,further comprising a release handle positioned on the rear module foractivating the timed release mechanism.
 20. The securement system ofclaim 12, wherein the rear module and side module hold the first,second, and third restraints in a triangular configuration, whereby thefirst and second restraints are positioned to a rear of the wheelchairand the third restraint is positioned to a front and a side of thewheelchair.
 21. The securement system of claim 12, further comprising abumper wherein at least a portion of the bumper is positioned betweenthe third restraint and the first and second restraint.
 22. Thesecurement system of claim 21, wherein the side module includes aflip-seat and at least the portion of the bumper is positioned generallyunderneath the flip-seat.
 23. The securement system of claim 21, whereinthe bumper is movable between a first position and a second position,whereby, in its first position, the bumper is spaced a first distancefrom the wheelchair and, in its second position, the bumper is spaced asecond distance from the wheelchair, the first distance being greaterthan the second distance.
 24. The securement system of claim 23, whereinthe second distance is zero.
 25. The securement system of claim 21,wherein: the barrier module includes a flip-seat; the barrier module isspaced a distance from the side module to accommodate the flip-seat in adown position; and, the bumper slides between a first position generallyunderneath the side module and a second position wherein the bumper ispositioned at least partially in the space between the barrier moduleand the side module.
 26. A securement system for securing a wheelchairin a vehicle, the securement system comprising: a group of restraintsfor securing the wheelchair, the group of restraints for securing thewheelchair consisting of a first, second, and third restraint; the firstand second restraints being for securement to a rear of the wheelchairand the third restraint being for securement to a front of thewheelchair; and, a rear module and a side module, wherein the rearmodule holds the first and second restraints and the side module holdsthe third restraint.
 27. The securement system of claim 26, wherein therear module includes an integrated lap restraint and an integratedshoulder restraint.
 28. The wheelchair securement system of claim 26,wherein at least one of the rear module and the side module includes aflip-seat.
 29. The securement system of claim 26, wherein the firstrestraint comprises a first retractor, the second restraint comprises asecond retractor, and the third restraint comprises a third retractor.30. The securement system of claim 29, further comprising a tensioningmechanism for at least one of the first, second, or third retractor, thetensioning mechanism being external to the first, second, and thirdretractors.
 31. The securement system of claim 30, wherein the sidemodule holds the tensioning mechanism.
 32. The securement system ofclaim 29, further comprising a timed release mechanism, the timedrelease mechanism being associated with at least one of the first,second, or third retractor to manipulate the at least one of the first,second, or third retractors between a locked position and a releasedposition, whereby activation of the timed release mechanism places theat least one of the first, second, or third retractors in the releasedposition for a period of time.
 33. The securement system of claim 32,further comprising a release handle positioned on the rear module foractivating the timed release mechanism.
 34. The securement system ofclaim 26, wherein the rear module and side module hold the first,second, and third restraints in a triangular configuration, whereby thefirst and second restraints are positioned to a rear of the wheelchairand the third restraint is positioned to a front and a side of thewheelchair.
 35. The securement system of claim 26, further comprising abumper wherein at least a portion of the bumper is positioned betweenthe third restraint and the first and second restraint.
 36. Thesecurement system of claim 35, wherein the side module includes aflip-seat and at least the portion of the bumper is positioned generallyunderneath the flip-seat.
 37. The securement system of claim 35, whereinthe bumper is movable between a first position and a second position,whereby, in its first position, the bumper is spaced a first distancefrom the wheelchair and, in its second position, the bumper is spaced asecond distance from the wheelchair, the first distance being greaterthan the second distance.
 38. The securement system of claim 35,wherein: the barrier module includes a flip-seat; the barrier module isspaced a distance from the side module to accommodate the flip-seat in adown position; and, the bumper slides between a first position generallyunderneath the side module and a second position wherein the bumper ispositioned at least partially in the space between the barrier moduleand the side module.
 39. A securement system for securing a wheelchairin a vehicle, the securement system comprising: a group of restraintsfor securing the wheelchair, the group of restraints for securing thewheelchair consisting of a first, second, and third retractor; a rearmodule and a side module, wherein the rear module holds the first andsecond restraints to a rear of the wheelchair and the side module holdsthe third restraint to a front and side of the wheelchair; and, a bumperpositioned generally underneath the side module and between the thirdrestraint and the first and second restraint.